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HOWRAH BRIDGES

 

HOWRAH BRIDGES

The Howrah Bridge is a balanced cantilever bridge over the Hooghly River in West Bengal, India. Commissioned in 1943,[9][11] the bridge was originally named the New Howrah Bridge, because it replaced a pontoon bridge at the same location linking the two cities of Howrah and Kolkata (Calcutta). On 14 June 1965, it had been renamed Rabindra Setu after the good Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore, who was the primary Indian and Asian Nobelist .[11] it's still popularly known as the Howrah Bridge.

The bridge is one among four on the Hooghly River and may be a famous symbol of Kolkata and West Bengal . The other bridges are the Vidyasagar Setu (popularly called the Second Hooghly Bridge), the Vivekananda Setu and therefore the newly built Nivedita Setu. It weathers the storms of the Bay of Bengal region, carrying a daily traffic of approximately 100,000 vehicles[12] and possibly more than 150,000 pedestrians,[10] easily making it the busiest cantilever bridge within the world.[13] The third-longest bridge at the time of its construction,[14] the Howrah Bridge is currently the sixth-longest bridge of its type within the world.[15]

ECO PARK

 

ECO PARK

New Town Eco Park (Prakriti Tirtha) is an urban park in urban area , Rajarhat, Kolkata and therefore the biggest park thus far in India.[2] The park is situated on a 480 acres (190 ha) plot and is surrounded by a 104 acres (42 ha) waterbody with an island within the middle.[3] The park was conceptualised by Chief Minister of West Bengal , Mamata Banerjee in July 2011.[4] West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation (HIDCO) is that the overarching body coordinating the development of the park, along side different other government bodies liable for implementation of various works inside the park.

The park has been divided into three broad parts; 1) ecological zones like wetlands, grasslands, and concrete forest, 2) theme gardens and open spaces, 3) and concrete recreational spaces.[3] The Eco Park is further divided into different sub-parts consistent with the various sorts of fauna planted. The copies of the Seven Wonders of the planet have also been made for people to go to during this park.[4] consistent with the plan, the park will have different areas like wild flower meadows, a bamboo garden, grasslands, tropical tree garden, bonsai garden*, garden , Cactus Walk*, a heliconia garden*, a butterfly garden, a play area and an amphitheatre(*-yet to be added).[4] Further, there's decide to develop an eco-resort in public-private partnership, and can also include a neighborhood where handicrafts from different a part of the state are going to be exhibited.[3] The park was inaugurated on 29 December 2012 by Mamata Banerjee.[5][6] Etc. The Eco park is found along the main highway (part of Biswa Bangla Sarani) in Action Area - II of latest Town at 22°35′55″N 88°28′03″E, 10 km faraway from Kolkata International Airport. The park is surrounded by the Kolkata Museum of recent Art on the North, the upcoming Central downtown and International Financial Hub on the east, the Kolkata International Convention Center, HIDCO Bhawan and Rabindra Tirtha on the south and existing human settlement of Jatragachi/Hatiara on the West.[3] it's well connected with VIP Road and EM Bypass. Buses are available from Ultadanga, Baguiati, Kolkata Airport, Salt Lake and Chingrighata.

Vidyasagar Setu, also referred to as the Second Hooghly Bridge, may be a toll bridge over the Hooghly River in West Bengal , India, linking the cities of Kolkata (previously referred to as Calcutta) and Howrah.

With a complete length of 823 metres (2,700 ft), Vidyasagar Setu is that the first[1] and longest cable-stayed bridge in India, as 3rd Narmada Bridge in Gujarat is an extradosed bridge. it had been the second bridge to be built across the Hooghly River; the primary , the Howrah Bridge (also referred to as Rabindra Setu) 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) to the north, was completed in 1943. Named after the educationist reformer Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, it cost ₹3.88 billion to create . The project was a joint effort between the general public and personal sectors, under the control of the Hooghly River Bridge Commissioners (HRBC).[2]

The importance of the bridge has increased manifold since 2013, because the West Bengal State Secretariat had shifted it's office to Nabanna, located adjacent to the bridge on the Howrah side.

Initially, under the toll collection regime of the HRBC, daily traffic was recorded to be a minimum of 28,000 vehicles and a maximum of 39,000 vehicles in 2000, but fell to a maximum of around 30,000 vehicles by December 2002, when the management of the tract was handed over to a personal firm. Subsequently, the daily traffic reached a minimum of 45,000 vehicles and a maximum of 61,000 vehicles by early 2008, against a maximum capacity of 85,000 vehicles per day. the first management of the toll revenue collection by HRBC was consequently criticized for corruption and significant loss of revenue.[3]

Population and business activity grew rapidly after India gained independence in August 1947. the sole link across the Hooghly River, the Howrah Bridge, between Howrah and Kolkata, was subject to much traffic jam , with over 85,000 vehicles a day . This necessitated planning for a replacement bridge across the river in order that it could hook up with the main cities of Mumbai (Bombay), Delhi and Chennai (Madras) through the national highways located on the brink of the bridge.

The design of the bridge differs slightly from other bridges, which are of superload composite construction. The difference is within the load design concept adopted for this bridge and concreting of the side spans through with support provided by the intermediate trestle. The deck is meant with a grid structure of girders. One set of girders are at the top and another set within the middle, which are braced by girders spaced on a mean at 4.2 metres (14 ft) centre to centre.[13]

A deck crane was used for the development of the most span of the bridge. A specially designed crane of 45 tonne capacity was wont to erect the pylons of the bridge.[13] The steel utilized in the bridge weighs about 13,200 tonnes.[13] The pylons, which are 128 metres (420 ft) tall , are designed as free standing portals.[13] they're given two cross portal members, one at rock bottom and another at the highest , below the pylon head. The deck is connected to the top piers by bolts embedded within the chambers of the piers. Pylons made from 4 m × 4 m (13 ft × 13 ft) steel boxes of riveted construction were raised on the 2 side spans of the bridge; one set is on the Calcutta side and therefore the other is on the Howrah side.[13] The six pylons on the Calcutta side of the bridge were installed using 75 MT and 50 MT cranes, while on the Howrah end, one 50 MT crane was used. Anchorage of the pylon with the bottom of piers was effected through Dywidag rods, duly anchored within the piers.[13] Cables were erected from the four pylon heads with the assistance of 32 MT hoist frames. The hoist frames were mounted on top of every pylon. Sheave blocks, winches and snatch blocks were wont to facilitate the lifting, and cables inside the pylons were stressed with jacks. Pressure grouting was performed to fill the voids between 

My Architecture of Victoria Memorial

                                      My Architecture of Victoria Memorial

William Emerson, the then President of the Royal institute of British Architects was the chief architect of Victoria Memorial, and built it out of white Makrana marble, sourced from Jodhpur in Rajastan, India. He was assisted by supervising architecture of the heritage monument is predicated on Indo-Saracenic revivalist style with a mixture of influences from Egyptian, Venetian, Deccan and Islamic elements. the development of the memorial was commissioned to Messrs, Martin & Co. of Calcutta.

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The memorial stands at a height of 200 feet including 16 feet height of the ‘Angle of Victory’ placed on top of the central dome which rotate with the wind. Four allegorical sculptures namely, Art, Architecture, Justice and Charity surround the central dome. Three more allegorical structure, Motherhood, Learning and Prudence, are placed just above the front façade or north porch. All the allegorical sculptures were sculpted in and shipped from Italy